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Muzaffar Iqbāl (Punjabi/Urdu: ) (born December 3, 1954 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani-Canadian Islamic scholar and author. Iqbal earned his doctorate (1983) in Chemistry from the University of Saskatchewan and then left the field of experimental science to devote himself fully to his chosen fields: literature, history, philosophy, Islamic intellectual and spiritual traditions. Between 1984 and 1990, he taught Urdu at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (1984-85), wrote two acclaimed novels in Urdu, Inkhila (Uprooting) and Inqta (Severance). During 1980 and 1990, he published a number of translations of poetry of Latin American poets and wrote a series of literary essays on South American writers. He also wrote on literary theory. Since 1990, Islam and modernity has been the focus of his attention and he has published over 100 articles on various aspect of the encounter of the Muslim world with modernity. For over a decade, he was a regular columnist for Pakistan's largest English daily. His column, published under the title of "Quantum Notes", have been published in two collections, "Dew on Sunburnt Roses" and Definitive Encounters: Islam, Muslims, and the West." ==Career== Iqbal is the founding president of the Center for Islamic sciences,〔http://www.cis-ca.org〕 Alberta, Canada, (called Center for Islam and Science when founded in 2000). He has written twenty-three books. Iqbal is editor of a journal of Islamic perspectives on science and civilization, ''Islamic sciences''.〔http://www.cis-ca.org/journal〕 His most recent project is to produce the first Encyclopedia of the Qur'an by Muslims, Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an. ''Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an''〔http://www.iequran.com〕 Iqbal's published works are on Islam, Sufism, Muslims and their relationship with modernity. Iqbal appeared on PBS's ''Ask the Experts'' in 2003, discussing science and Islam. In an article on Islamic Science, the New York Times quoted Iqbal as a chemist and founder of the Center for Islam and Science as explaining that modern science did not claim to address the purpose of life, whereas in the Islamic world, purpose was integral. Iqbal was one of the experts called on by the Physics and Cosmology Group of the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, alongside scientists including Andrei Linde of Stanford University, John Polkinghorne of Cambridge University, Paul Davies of Macquarie University and Charles Townes of the University of California, Berkeley.〔(Physics and Cosmology Group of the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences ) Retrieved November 21, 2011〕 Between 1996 and 2003, the group conducted an intensive public dialogue on science and spirituality.〔(CTNS: SSQ Program ) Retrieved November 21, 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muzaffar Iqbal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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